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BODY ODOURS

BODY ODOUR🤧😷

#Treatments
The following steps may help control body odour:

Q. #Wash daily with warm water: Have a shower or bath at least once a day. Remember that warm water helps kill off bacteria that are present on your skin. If the weather is exceptionally hot, consider bathing more often than once a day.

2. #Clothing: Natural fibers allow your skin to breathe, resulting in better evaporation of sweat. Natural-made fibers include wool, silk or cotton.

3. #Avoid spicy foods: Curry, garlic, and other spicy foods have the potential to make some people’s sweat more pungent. Some experts believe a diet high in red meat may also raise the risk of developing more rapid body odour.

4. #Aluminum chloride: This substance is usually the main active ingredient in antiperspirants. If your body does not respond to the home remedies mentioned above, talk to a pharmacist or your doctor about a suitable product containing aluminum chloride. Follow the instructions given to you carefully.

Ebola And There Typical Symptoms

By Ibsa OromoEbola Virus Ebola is a virus that initially causes sudden fever, intense weakness, muscle pain and a sore throat
It progresses to vomiting, diarrhoea and both internal and external bleeding
People are infected when they have direct contact through broken skin, or the mouth and nose, with the blood, vomit, faeces or bodily fluids of someone with Ebola
Patients tend to die from dehydration and multiple organ failure.

Ebola may soon be a “preventable and treatable” disease after a trial of two drugs showed significantly improved survival rates, scientists have said.Four drugs were trialled on patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where there is a major outbreak of the virus.More than 90% of infected people can survive if treated early with the most effective drugs, the research showed.The drugs will now be used to treat all patients with the disease in DR Congo, according to health officials.The US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which co-sponsored the trial, said the results are “very good news” for the fight against Ebola.
#BBC_Health

ቻይና ለሰብዓዊ እርዳታ የሚውል የ206 ሚሊየን ብር እህል áˆˆáŒˆáˆ°á‰˝

ቻይና ለሰብዓዊ እርዳታ የሚውል የ206 ሚሊየን ብር እህል ለገሰች ሐምሌ 26፣2011(ኢቲቪ) ቻይና ለሰብዓዊ እርዳታ የሚውል የ206 ሚሊየን ብር እህል ለኢትዮጵያ ለግሳለች፡፡ እርዳታው በኢትዮጵያ ለተከሰቱ ሰብዓዊ ቀውሶች የሚውል 7408 ሜትሪክ ቶን ስንዴና 509 ሜትሪክ ቶን ሩዝ ነው፡፡ ይህም በገንዝብ ሲተመን ከ206 ሚሊዮን ብር በላይ ያወጣል ተብሏል፡፡ ስምምነቱን የተፈራረሙት በኢትዮጵያ የቻይና አምባሳደር ታን ጃንና የኢትዮጵያ ገንዘብ ሚ/ር ዴኤታው አድማሱ ነበበ ናቸው፡፡ ድጋፉ በግጭት ምክንያት ለተፈናቀሉና በአርብቶ አደር አካባቢዎች በድርቅ ለተጎዱ ወገኖች ይውላል ተብሏል፡፡ በመድረኩ የተሳተፉት ሌሎች አገራትም ከዚህ ቀደም መቶ ሚሊየን የቻይና ገንዘብ ዮዋን በየዓመቱ በቀጣይነት ለመስጠት ቃል ገብተው የነበረ ሲሆን ይህን ተግባራዊ ለማድረግ የሚያስችል ስምምነት በዛሬው ዕለት ተፈርሟል፡፡

👉 By Etv_zena

Bulchiinsi magaalaa Finfinnee Masjida kaleessa diigame guyyaa boruu bakkatti deebisee kan ijaaru tahu ibse

Bulchiinsi magaalaa Finfinnee Masjida kaleessa diigame guyyaa boruu bakkatti deebisee kan ijaaru tahu ibse

Odeeyfannoo #Nuuralhudaa
August 9, 2019

http://t.me/dabbaalpress

Magaalaa Finfinnee kutaa magaalaa laaftoo keessatti Masjidni Aliif guyyaa kaleessaa namoota bulchiinsa magaalichaa irraa ergamaniin kan diigame yoo tahu, yeroo gara garaatti masjiidota diiguun kun baay’ataa dhufuun wal qabatee, gochi guyyaa kaleessaa hawaasa muslimaa dallansisee jira.

Kanuma hordofuun itti aanaan kantiibaa bulchiinsa magaalaa Finfinnee Injinar Taakkalaa Uumaa, masjiidni kaleessa diigame beekkamtii Bulchiinsa magaalaa Finfinneetiin alatti kan raawwatame fi shira mootummaa fi hawaasa muslimaa waliitti buusuuf yaadame tahuu ibsuun, boru ganama iddoo masjidni irraa diigametti argamuun adeemsa deebisanii ijaaruu kan jalqabsiisu tahuu ibse.

Akkasumas namoonni masjidni akka diigamu ajaja baasaniis, guyyaa har’aa too’annaa jala oolfamanii kan qoratamaa jiran tahuu odeeyfannoon ni addeessa.

Eega Injinar Taakkalaa Uumaa Itti aanaa Kantiibaa magaalaa Finfinnee tahee muudame asitti, kan kaleessaa dabalatee masjiidni 4 diigamanii jiran.

Bulchiinsi magaalaa Finfinnee Masjida kaleessa diigame guyyaa boruu bakkatti deebisee kan ijaaru tahu ibse

Bulchiinsi magaalaa Finfinnee Masjida kaleessa diigame guyyaa boruu bakkatti deebisee kan ijaaru tahu ibse

Odeeyfannoo #Nuuralhudaa
August 9, 2019

http://t.me/dabbaalpress

Magaalaa Finfinnee kutaa magaalaa laaftoo keessatti Masjidni Aliif guyyaa kaleessaa namoota bulchiinsa magaalichaa irraa ergamaniin kan diigame yoo tahu, yeroo gara garaatti masjiidota diiguun kun baay’ataa dhufuun wal qabatee, gochi guyyaa kaleessaa hawaasa muslimaa dallansisee jira.

Kanuma hordofuun itti aanaan kantiibaa bulchiinsa magaalaa Finfinnee Injinar Taakkalaa Uumaa, masjiidni kaleessa diigame beekkamtii Bulchiinsa magaalaa Finfinneetiin alatti kan raawwatame fi shira mootummaa fi hawaasa muslimaa waliitti buusuuf yaadame tahuu ibsuun, boru ganama iddoo masjidni irraa diigametti argamuun adeemsa deebisanii ijaaruu kan jalqabsiisu tahuu ibse.

Akkasumas namoonni masjidni akka diigamu ajaja baasaniis, guyyaa har’aa too’annaa jala oolfamanii kan qoratamaa jiran tahuu odeeyfannoon ni addeessa.

Eega Injinar Taakkalaa Uumaa Itti aanaa Kantiibaa magaalaa Finfinnee tahee muudame asitti, kan kaleessaa dabalatee masjiidni 4 diigamanii jiran.

Research Pepar

Forthcoming

“Action et agence dans l’histoire”, Les défis du collectif, edited by Aurélien Allouche and Raphaël Künstler (Hermann, forthcoming)

“University leadership for inclusion and engagement”, Philosophy for the Real World: An Introduction to Field Philosophy with Case Studies and Practical Strategies, edited by Robert Frodeman and Evelyn Brister (Routledge, forthcoming)

2019

Publications

“Meanings and mechanisms: An actor-centered approach to historical explanation”, Explanation in Action Theory and Historiography: Causal and Teleological Approaches, edited by Gunnar Schumann (Routledge, 2019)

“Positivism” and “Post-positivism”, SAGE Research Methods Foundations, edited by Paul Atkinson, Sara Delamont, Richard Williams and Alex Cernat (SAGE, 2019)

“Heterogeneity, plasticity, and mechanisms: Comments on Olsen”, Contemporary Philosophy and Social Science: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue, edited by Attilia Ruzzene (Bloomsbury, 2019)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Ontology of Causation,” School of Political Science, University of Milan, February 2019

“Rational Plans of Life,” Ruhr University Bochum, January 2019

“Can Organizations Think?,” Foundations in Social Science – Mechanisms, Actions, Functions, University of Duisburg-Essen, January 2019

“Generativity and Emergence,” Philosophy Institute, University of Duisburg-Essen, January 2019

2018

Publications

“Rational life plans?”, The Mystery of Rationality: Mind, Beliefs and Social Science, edited by Gérald Bronner and Francesco Di Iorio (Springer, 2018)

“Entangling the Social: Comments on Alexander Wendt, Quantum Mind and Social Science”, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour (2018)

“Historians in a world of complexity”, De Filosoof, Utrecht University Department of Philosophy (2018)

Review: Juan Wang, Sinews of State Power in China in Journal of Chinese Political Science (2018)

Review: Kate Merkel-Hess, The Rural Modern: Reconstructing the Self and State in Republican China in The China Journal (2018)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Generativity and Emergence,” School of Political Science, University of Milan, June 2018

2017

Publications

“Disaggregating Historical Explanation: The Move to Social Mechanisms,” Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Mechanisms edited by Phyllis Illari and Stuart Glennan (2017)

“Microfoundations,” The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Lee McIntyre (2017)

“Sociological Perspectives on Social Structure”, Cambridge Handbook of Sociology, edited by Kathleen Odell Korgen, (2017)

“Calibrating the utility of rational choice institutionalism,” Sociologica (2017)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Hate-based mobilization in the extreme right,” Social Science History Association, Montreal, November 2017

“Historical foundations of the social sciences,” American Sociological Association, Montreal, July 2017

Plenary Session on Theory and Explanation After Positivism, Beyond Positivism: Theory, Methods, and Values in Social Science Conference, Montreal, July 2017

“Response to commentators,” book panel on New Contributions to the Philosophy of Social Science, EuropeanNetwork for the Philosophy of Social Science, Krakow, September 2017

2016

Publications

New Directions in the Philosophy of Social Science (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016)

“Guiding and modelling quality improvement in higher education institutions,” Quality in Higher Education (2016)

“Character and historical interpretation,” Questions of Character, edited by Iskra Fileva. Oxford University Press (2016)

“Contribution to Sand and Water,” Sand and Water, edited by Robert Pledge (2016)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Actors and Actions Reconsidered,” Mexican Academy of Sciences, Mexico City, August 2016

“Actors and Actions,” International Sociological Association, Vienna, July 2016

“Social Reform and Radical Change,” Indian National Law School University, Bangalore, April 2016

“Social Ontology and Realism,” Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, April 2016

2015

Publications

“Supervenience and the Social World,” Metodo (2015)

“Fallibilism and Ontology in Tuukka Kaidesoja’s Critical Realist Social Ontology,” Journal of Social Ontology (2015)

“Mechanisms and Method,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences (2015)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Social Ontology: Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Contingency,” Second Biannual Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Group in India, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai (by Skype), December 2015

“Fissioning Community,” Second Biannual Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Group in India, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai (by Skype), December 2015

“Fissioning Community,” Social Science History Association, Baltimore, November 2015

2014

Publications

“Jon Elster and the social sciences,” Claudio Lopez-Guerra and Julia Maskivker, eds. Democracy, Rationality and Justice. Cambridge University Press (2014)

“Actor-Centered Sociology and the New Pragmatism,” Julie Zahle and Finn Collin, eds., Individualism, Holism, Explanation and Emergence. Springer (2014)

“Rawls and Economics,” Jon Mandle and David Reidy, eds., A Companion to Rawls, Wiley and Sons, (2014)

“Nation, region, and globe: Alternative definitions of place in world history,” Journal of Global Studies, (2014)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Critical Realism for Historical Social Science,” Social Science History Association, Toronto, November 2014

“Causal Mechanisms and Social Science Methodology,” European Network for Philosophy of Social Science annual meeting, Madrid, September 2014

“Methodological Innovations in the Eurasian Project in Family and Population,” American Sociological Association, August 2014

“Causal Powers and Social Mechanisms,” Finnish Center for Excellence in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Helsinki University, June 2014

“Meso-level Social Mechanisms,” Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm University, June 2014

2013

Publications

“Disaggregating Historical Explanation: The Move to Social Mechanisms in the Philosophy of History,” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, July 1, 2013. Invited discussion article. (2013)

“Philosophy of History,” Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, Byron Kaldis, ed. (Sage, 2013)

“Microfoundationalism,” Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, Byron Kaldis, ed. (Sage, 2013)

Review: Geoff Boucher, Understanding Marxism in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews (2013)

Review: Hilary Putnam and Vivian Walsh, eds. The End of Value-Free Economics in The Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics (2013)

Conference papers and invited papers

“A Twinge of Ethnocentrism in The Measure of Civilization,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2013

“Rural Transition in China: What Do We Need to Know?”, International Conference on Rural Change and the Peasant, Central China Normal University, May 2013 (published in conference proceedings)

“Social Issues in China’s Rural-to-Urban Transition,” Department of Economics and Management, Central China Normal University, May 2013

“Justice Matters in Economic Development,” Xuchang University, Henan, May 2013

“Character in History,” Character Workshop, Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, May 2013

2012

Publications

“More challenges for social mechanisms,” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, August 6, 2012. Invited discussion article. (2012)

“Analytical Sociology and the Rest of Sociology,” Sociologica (2012)

“Responses to Commentators on Analytical Sociology and the Rest of Sociology,” Sociologica (2012)

“Explanatory Autonomy and Coleman’s Boat,” Theoria (2012)

“Social Mechanisms and Scientific Realism: Discussion of ‘Mechanistic Explanation in Social Contexts’ by Johannes Persson”, Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, February 9, 2012. Invited discussion article. (2012)

“Philosophy of History,” Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy, Duncan Pritchard, ed. New York: Oxford University Press (2012)

Review: Ho-Fung Hung, Protest with Chinese Characteristics in Contemporary Sociology (2012)

Review: Mark Blaug and Peter Lloyd, eds. Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics in Journal of Economic Methodology (2012)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Actor-centered Sociology,” workshop on methodological individualism, University of Copenhagen, November 2012

“New Perspectives on the Philosophy of History,” Department of Philosophy, University of Copenhagen, November 2012

“Beyond Divergence: Debates about China’s Economic History,” Tsinghua University, August 2012

“Social Mechanisms and Meso-level Causes,” plenary paper, British Society for the Philosophy of Science, University of Stirling, July 2012

“Actor-centered Sociology,” Erasmus University, Rotterdam, May 2012

“Causal Mechanisms in the Social Sciences,” Erasmus University, Rotterdam, May 2012

“Disaggregating Historical Explanation: The Move to Social Mechanisms,” Society for the Philosophy of History, American Philosophical Association Pacific Division (April 2012)

2011

Publications

“Causal Mechanisms in the Social Realm,” Causality in the Sciences, Phyllis Illari, Federica Russo, Jon Williamson (eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2011)

“Political Power and Social Class,” SAGE Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science. Jésus Zamora and Ian Jarvie, eds. (2011)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Consolidated Quantitative History,” Social Science History Association, Boston, November, 2011

“Justice Matters in Global Economic Development,” Beijing Forum 2011, Peking University, November, 2011; also presented at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

“Explaining the Social World: Mechanisms, Processes and Agency,” keynote paper, Causality and Explanation in the Sciences conference, University of Ghent, September, 2011

“Pathways of Social Aggregation,” Aggregation Dynamics of multi-Level Actor Constellations conference, University of Bremen, June, 2011

2010

Publications

New Contributions to the Philosophy of History (Springer, Methodos Series, 2010)

The Future of Diversity: Academic Leaders Reflect on American Higher Education (Future of Minority Studies)


, edited by Daniel Little and Satya Mohanty (Palgrave, 2010)

“Methodological Individualism,” Encyclopedia of Political Theory, Mark Bevier, ed. (Sage, 2010)

“Action in History and Social Science,” A Companion to the Philosophy of Action, Constantine Sandis & Tim O’Connor, eds. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)

“Philosophy of Sociology,” Philosophy of the Special Sciences. Fritz Allhoff, ed. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)

“Institutions, Inequality and Well-being: Distributive Determinants of Rural Development”, Capabilities, Power, and Institutions: Toward a More Critical Development Ethics. Stephen Esquith, ed. (Penn State Press, 2010)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Power and Class in the 21st Century,” invited contribution to 20th anniversary program, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, October, 2010

“New Contributions to the Philosophy of History,” paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, October, 2010

“New Contributions to the Philosophy of History,” workshop, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, October, 2010

“Zomia and Burma: Alternative Approaches to Southeast Asian History,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2010

“’Making’ the Future: The Scope and Limits of Social Change,” keynote presentation, Future of Minority Studies, Cornell University, July 2010

“David Crocker’s Development Ethics,” Association for Practical and Professional Ethics,” Cincinnati, March 2010

“Skinner’s Spatial Imagination,” Association for Asian Studies, Philadelphia, March 2010

2009

Publications

“The Heterogeneous Social,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Philosophical Theory and Scientific Practice. Chrysostomos Mantzavinos, ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2009)

“The Chinese Peasant, 1800-1900,” Encyclopedia of Modern China, Scribners/Gale (2009)

“The Chinese Peasant and the Chinese Revolution,” Encyclopedia of Modern China, Scribners/Gale (2009)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Agency, Identity, and Purposiveness,” Social Science History Association, Long Beach, November 2009

“How High-Quality Regional Public Universities Enhance Opportunity,” Social Science History Association, Long Beach, November 2009

“Philosophy of X: How Philosophy and the Messy Social World Intersect,” Keynote, Conference on Development Ethics, Michigan State University, April 2009

“Thinking Social Ontology,” Philosophy of Social Science Roundtable, Emory University, March 2009

2008

Publications

“Autobiographical Essay,” The Philosophy of the Social Sciences: 5 Questions. Christoph Schmidt-Petri and Diego Rios, eds. (Vince Press, 2008)“Eurasian Comparisons”, Social Science History (2008)

“Development,” “Marxism,” “False Consciousness,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences second edition (Macmillan, 2008)

Conference papers and invited papers

“The Mechanisms of Power: A Conceptual Analysis,” Social Science History Association, Miami, October 2008

“Against the Law: Comments on CK Lee”, Social Science History Association, Miami, October 2008

2007

Publications

“Marxism and Method,” Twentieth-Century Marxism: A Global Introduction, edited by Howard Chados and David Walker (Routledge, 2007)

“Marxism and the Status of Women,” Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, edited by Fedwa Malti-Douglas (Macmillan Reference, 2007)

“Philosophy of History,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2007; revised 2011; revised 2016)

Review: William Sewell, Jr., Logics of History in Journal of Social History (2007)

“Plasticity of the Social,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2007

Conference papers and invited papers

“An Ontology of Change in Kathleen Thelen’s How Institutions Evolve,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2007

“The Heterogeneous Social: New Ontological Foundations for Social Explanation,” Conference on Explanation in the Social Sciences: Philosophical Theory and Scientific Practice, Herdecke, Germany, June 2007

“Agents, Structures, and Social Contingency: New Thinking About the Foundations of the Social Sciences,” Tsinghua-DDM lecture, Tsinghua University, April 2007

“Agents, Structures, and Social Contingency: New Thinking About the Foundations of the Social Sciences,” Northwest University (Xian, China), April 2007

“Epistemological Issues in Economic History,” Peking University School of Economics, April 2007

2006

Publications

“Levels of the Social,” The Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology, edited by Mark Risjord and Stephen Turner (Elsevier Science, 2006)

Conference papers and invited papers

“New Developments in the Chinese Social Sciences,” Conference on Mapping Difference: Structures and Categories of Knowledge Production, Duke University, June 2006

“New Approaches to the Philosophy of History,” Social Science History Association, Minneapolis, November 2006

2005

Publications

“Philosophy of Economics,” The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia (Routledge, 2005)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Equity and Excellence from Three Points of Reference,” Diversity and Excellence in American Higher Education: The Road Ahead, Future of Minority Studies conference, June 2005

“Institutions, Inequality, and Wellbeing: Distributive Determinants of Capabilities Realization,” Conference on Ethics and Development: The Capability Approach in Practice, Michigan State University, April 2005

“Causal Mechanisms in Comparative Sociology,” Social Science History Association, Portland, OR, November 2005

2004

Publications

“Causal Mechanisms,” “Verification,” “Explanation,” “Gini coefficient,” “Inequality measurement,” “Counterfactual,” “Endogenous Variable and Exogenous Variable” in Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, edited by Michael Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman, and Tim Futing Liao (Sage Publications, 2004)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Kin, Class and Identity: Microfoundations for Social Identities,” School of Criticism & Theory, Cornell University, June 2004

“Eurasian Historical Comparisons,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, October 2004

“Replies, Author meets critics session on The Paradox of Wealth and Poverty,” American Philosophical Association Pacific Division, March 2004

2003

Publications

The Paradox Of Wealth And Poverty: Mapping The Ethical Dilemmas Of Global Development (Westview Press, 2003)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Mentalités, Identities, and Practices,” Social Science History Association, Baltimore, October 2003

2002

Conference papers and invited papers

“Transportation as a Large Historical Factor,” Social Science History Association, St. Louis, October 2002

“Development Ethics: Justice, Well-being, and Poverty in the Developing World,” Center for Ethics and World Societies, Colgate University, February 2002

“Towards a Global Civil Society,” International Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, April, 2003; Consular Corps of Detroit, April, 2002; Keynote address, Association for Muslim Social Scientists, Dearborn, Michigan, October 2001; International Business Forum of Detroit, February, 2002

“Social Kinds and Comparative Research,” Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, 2002

2001

Conference papers and invited papers

“Causation in Meso-History,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2001 (text)

2000

Publications

“Explaining Large-Scale Historical Change,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences (2000)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Historical Concepts, Social Ontology, Macrohistory,” Social Science History Association, Pittsburgh, October, 2000

1999

Publications

Review: Mario Bunge, Finding Philosophy in Social Science in American Journal of Sociology (1999)

Review: M.R. Griffiths and J. R. Lucas, Ethical Economics in Ethics (1999)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Explaining Largescale Historical Change,” Social Science History Association, Fort Worth, November, 1999; Philosophy of Social Science Roundtable, St. Louis, April, 1999

1998

Publications

Microfoundations, Method, and Causation: On the Philosophy of the Social Sciences (Transaction Publishers, 1998)

“Multiple Goals in the Liberal Arts: A Reply to Joseph Wagner,” Interchange (1998)

Review: Robert D. Jenks, Insurgency and Social Disorder in Guizhou: The “Miao” Rebellion, 1854-1873 in American Historical Review (1998)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Equality in International Ethics: Comments on Debra Satz,” American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, December, 1998

1997

Publications

Review: Martin Hollis, Reason in Action: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science in Ethics (1997)

Review: Lawrence B. Mohr, The Causes of Human Behavior: Implications for Theory and Method in the Social Sciences in American Journal of Sociology (1997)

Review: Forrest D. Colburn, The Vogue of Revolution in Poor Countries in Economic Development and Cultural Change (1997)

Review: Martha Nussbaum and Jonathan Glover, eds., Women, Culture and Development: A Study of Human Capabilities in Ethics and the Environment (1997)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Interests and Collectivities: Microfoundations for Collectivities,” SSRC Conference on Sovereignty, Notre Dame, April, 1997

1996

Publications

“Recent Developments in Philosophical Marxism,” Topoi (1996)

Review: Anthony Giddens, Politics, Sociology and Social Theory: Encounters with Classical and Contemporary Social Thought and Barry Barnes, The Elements of Social Theory in American Political Science Review (1996)

Review: Stephen Turner, The Social Theory of Practices: Tradition, Tacit Knowledge, and Presuppositions in Ethics (1996)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Equity and Well-Being in Economic Development,” Society for Philosophy and Public Affairs, American Philosophical Association Pacific Division (Spring 1996)

“Normative Issues in Economic Development Practice,” Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University (Spring 1996)

1995

Publications

On the Reliability of Economic Models: Essays in the Philosophy of Economics, editor and contributor (Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1995)

“Causal Explanation in the Social Sciences,” Southern Journal of Philosophy (Supplement, 1995)

“Is Anthropology a Science?”, Anthropology Newsletter (1995)

“Current Issues in the Epistemology of Economics” in On the Reliability of Economic Models, edited by D. Little (Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1995)

“On the Reliability of CGE Economic Models” in On the Reliability of Economic Models, edited by D. Little (Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1995)

“Philosophy of the Social Sciences,” “Ethnography, Ethnology, and Ethnomethodology” in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, edited by Robert Audi (Cambridge University Press, 1995)

Review: Odoric Wou, Mobilizing the Masses: Building Revolution in Henan in American Historical Review (1995)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Causal Explanation of Social Phenomena,” Spindel Conference in Philosophy, Memphis, October, 1995

1994

Publications

“Microfoundations of Marxism” in Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Michael Martin and Lee McIntyre (MIT Press, 1994)

Review: Robert M. Netting, Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture in Journal of Asian Studies 53:3 (1994)

Review: D. Wade Hands, Testing, Rationality, and Progress: Essays on the Popperian Tradition in Economic Methodology in Ethics 104:3 (1994)

Review: Sue Rosenberg Zalk and Janice Gordon-Kelter, eds., Revolutions in Knowledge: Feminism in the Social Sciences in Ethics (1994)

Review: Erik Olin Wright, Andrew Levine, and Elliott Sober, Reconstructing Marxism: Essays on Explanation and the Theory of History in The Philosophical Review (1994)

Review: Jean Ensminger, Making a Market: The Institutional Transformation of an African Society in Economic Development and Cultural Change (1994)

Review: Roger S. Gottlieb, Marxism 1844-1990: Origins, Betrayal, Rebirth. In Science and Society (1994)

Review: Scott Gordon, The History and Philosophy of Social Science in Philosophy of the Social Sciences (1994)

Review: Jean Oi, State and Society in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government in Economic Development and Cultural Change 42:3 (1994)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Are There Law-Like Generalizations in Political Science?”, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Fall 1994)

“The Logic of Confirmation in IR Theory,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Spring 1994)

1993

Publications

“Development Traps in Traditional and Modern China” in Culture, Politics, and Economic Growth: Experiences of East Asia, edited by Richard Harvey Brown (Studies in Third World Societies, 1993)

“Evidence and Objectivity in the Social Sciences,” Social Research 60:2 (1993)

“On the Scope and Limits of Generalizations in the Social Sciences,” Synthese 97:2 (1993)

Review: Kathryn Bernhardt, Rents, Taxes, and Peasant Resistance: The Lower Yangzi Region, 1840-1950 in American Historical Review (1993)

Review: Margaret Gilbert, On Social Facts in International Studies in Philosophy (1993)

Review: Keith Graham, Karl Marx Our Contemporary: Social Theory for a Post-Leninist World in Philosophical Books 44:3 (1993)

Review: Jeffrey L. Gould, To Lead As Equals: Rural Protest and Political Consciousness in Chinandega, Nicaragua, 1912-1979 in Economic Development and Cultural Change 41:4 (1993)

Review: James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts in Political Theory (1993)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Causal Reasoning in IR Theory,” Seminar Paper, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Fall 1993)

“Causal Inference in Political Science,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Spring 1993)

“Development Ethics: Normative Issues in Development,” Center for International Studies, Princeton University (Spring 1993)

“Microfoundations in the Human Sciences,” Colloquium Paper, Department of Anthropology, Brandeis University (Spring 1993)

Unpublished hypertext book manuscript: Putting the Poor First

1992

Publications

“Jon Elster” in New Horizons in Economic Thought: Appraisals of Leading Economists, edited by Warren Samuels (Edward Elgar Publishing, 1992)

“New Perspectives on the Chinese Rural Economy,” Republican China (1992)

“Marxist Theory and Soviet Practice: Ernest Gellner’s Appraisal of Contemporary Soviet Ethnography,” review essay on State and Society in Soviet Thought in Philosophy of the Social Sciences 22:2 (1992)

Review: Jorgen Delman, ed., Remaking Peasant China in Economic Development and Cultural Change 40:4 (1992)

Review: Loren Brandt, Commercialization and Agricultural Development: Central and Eastern China, 1870-1937 in Economic Development and Cultural Change 40:2 (1992)

Review: Robert Meister, Political Identity: Thinking Through Marx in Ethics (1992)

“On the Scope and Limits of Generalizations in the Social Sciences,” Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, Boston University (Fall 1992)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Generalization and Prediction in the Social Sciences,” Philosophy Colloquium, Duke University (Fall 1992)

“Food Security and Refugee Populations,” Conference on Refugee Populations, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Fall 1992)

“Interest and Identity: Microfoundations for Asian Studies,” Conference on Theory in Asian Studies, Center for Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Oregon (May 1992)

“Recent Perspectives on the Chinese Rural Economy, 1885-1935,” Association for Asian Studies (April 1992)

“Interest, Class, and Identity: Theoretical Frameworks for Asian Studies,” Association for Asian Studies (April 1992)

“Poverty and Growth: Development Strategies that Favor the Poor,” Agrarian Studies Program Seminar Series, Yale University (1992)

“Generalizations and Explanation in Political Science,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Fall 1992); Colgate University Humanities Colloquium (Fall 1992)

“Causal Mechanisms and Causal Laws,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Spring 1992)

1991

Publications

Varieties of Social Explanation (Westview Press, 1991; Persian translation, 1998; Greek translation 2014; Kindle edition, 2012; iBooks edition, 2012)

“Rational-Choice Models and Asian Studies,” Journal of Asian Studies 50 (1991)

Review: Carol Gould, Rethinking Democracy in The Philosophical Review (1991)

Review: Alison Dundes Renteln, International Human Rights: Universalism Versus Relativism in Journal of Asian Studies 50:2 (1991)

Review: Ian Forbes, Marx and the New Individual in Philosophical Books 32:4 (1991)

Review: Stephen A. Resnick and Richard D. Wolff, Knowledge and Class: A Marxian Critique of Political Economy in Science & Society 55:2 (1991)

Review: Janice Stockard, Daughters of the Canton Delta: Marriage Patterns and Economic Strategies in South China, 1930 in Social Science Quarterly (1991)

“Reply to David Faure,” American Historical Review 96:4 (1991)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Rational Choice Models and Social Science Methodology,” Department of Sociology, SUNY-Binghamton (1991)

“Poverty-First Strategies of Development for the Third World,” Conference on Labor Unions in Third-World Economic Development, University of California, San Diego (1991)

“Putting the Poor First: Poverty-first Strategies of Economic Development,” Conference of SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Fellows in International Peace and Security, Budapest (1990)

1990

Publications

Review: Bernard Crick, Socialism in Ethics (1990)

Review: G. A. Cohen, History Labour and Freedom in Political Theory (1990)

“Reply to Kevin Brien,” Review of Radical Political Economics (1990)

Review: Kevin M. Brien, Marx, Reason, and the Art of Freedom in Review of Radical Political Economics (1990)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Feasible Socialism,” panel on “Is There A Socialist Alternative for Eastern Europe?” with Mary Kaldor, Ferenc Miszlivetz, and Daniel Little, Conference of SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Fellows in International Peace and Security, Budapest (1990)

“Development Traps in Traditional and Modern China,” Association for Asian Studies (1990)

“Local Politics and Class Conflict in Peasant China,” Peasant Culture and Consciousness Conference, Bellagio, Italy (1990)

“The Case for Democratic Socialism,” Boston University (1990)

1989

Publications

Understanding Peasant China: Case Studies in the Philosophy of Social Science


(Yale University Press, 1989; revised and expanded Chinese edition, Jiangsu People’s Publication House, 2008)

“Socialist Morality: Towards a Political Philosophy for Democratic Socialism” Social Philosophy & Policy 6 (1989); also in Socialism, edited by Ellen Frankel Paul (Basil Blackwell, 1989)

“Marxism and Popular Politics: The Microfoundations of Class Struggle,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989)

“Testing the Testers: A Reply to Barbara Sands and Ramon Myers’ Critique of G. William Skinner’s Regional Systems Approach to China” (coauthored with Joseph Esherick), Journal of Asian Studies 48 (1989)

Review: Patrick Murray, Marx’s Theory of Scientific Knowledge in Philosophical Books 30 (1989)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Food Security, Rural Development, and International Conflict,” Conference of SSRC- MacArthur Foundation Fellows in International Peace and Security, Morelos, Mexico (1989)

1988

Publications

“Collective Action and the Traditional Village,” Journal of Agricultural Ethics 1 (1988)

Review: Jon Elster, An Introduction to Karl Marx and Karl Marx: A Reader in Ethics 98 (1988)

1987

Publications

“Dialectics and Science in Marx’s Capital,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 17 (1987)

“Stagnation and Surplus in Traditional Chinese Agriculture,” New England Association for Asian Studies (1987)

“Distributive Characteristics of Rural Development Strategies,” Kellogg Food and World Hunger Conference, Colgate University (1987)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Local Politics and Class Conflict: Theories of Peasant Rebellion in 19th-Century China,” New England Historical Association (1987)

“Socialist Exploitation,” American Philosophical Association Pacific Division Program (1987)

“Microfoundations of Marxism,” Southeastern Marxist Scholars Conference, Duke University (1987)

1986

Publications

The Scientific Marx (University of Minnesota Press, 1986)

“The Scientific Standing of Capital,” Review of Radical Political Economics 17 (1986)

“Historical Materialism and Capital,” Topoi 5 (1986)

Review: Andrew Levine, Arguing for Socialism in The Philosophical Review 45 (1986)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Understanding Peasants,” APA Central Division Program (1986)

“Theory versus Data in Skinner’s Macroregions Argument,” Fairbank Center China Seminar Series, Harvard University (1986)

1985

Publications

“Does Marx Have a Theory of Capitalism?”, The Social Science Journal 22 (1985)

Review: James Fishkin, Beyond Subjective Morality in Ethics 96 (1985)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Methodological Individualism and Explanation in Capital,” APA Western Division Program (1985)

“Dialectics and Science in Marx’s Capital,” APA Pacific Division Program (1985)

1984

Publications

“Reflective Equilibrium and Justification,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 22 (1984)

Conference papers and invited papers

“The Scientific Standing of Marx’s Capital,” APA Western Division (1984) (Society for the Philosophical Study of Marxism)

“Does Marx Have a Theory of Capitalism?”, APA Western Division (1984) (Radical Philosophy Association)

1983

Publications

Review: Donald Hodges, The Bureaucratization of Socialism in Canadian Philosophical Reviews 4 (1984)

Review: C. L. Ten, Mill on Liberty in The Philosophical Review 42 (1983)

Review: David Thomas, Naturalism and Social Science in The Philosophical Review 42 (1983)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Historical Materialism and Capital,” Radical Philosophy Association (New York) (1983)

1982

Publications

“Abstraction and Theory: Marx’s Method for Social Science,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 20 (1982)

1981

Publications

“Rationality, Ideology, and Morality in Marx’s Social Theory,” Social Praxis 8 (1981)

“Countervailing Tendencies and Falsifiability in Capital,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 42 (1981)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Justification in Rawls’s Theory of Justice,” Creighton Club (New York State Philosophical Society) (1981)

1979

Publications

Review: Cecil L. Eubanks, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: An Analytical Bibliography in Clio 9:1 (1979)

1978

Publications

Review: Alex Callinicos, Althusser’s Marxism in Clio 7:2 (1978)

Review: Carl Boggs, Gramsci’s Marxism in Clio 7:2 (1978)

1977

Publications

Marx’s Capital: A Study in the Philosophy of Social Science. Ph.D. dissertation, department of philosophy, Harvard University (supervisors: John Rawls, Israel Scheffler)

Introduction to Ph.D. dissertation Marx’s Capital: A Study in the Philosophy of Social Science

Book Reviews

Understanding Society ¡ Page

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Research Pepar

Forthcoming

“Action et agence dans l’histoire”, Les défis du collectif, edited by Aurélien Allouche and Raphaël Künstler (Hermann, forthcoming)

“University leadership for inclusion and engagement”, Philosophy for the Real World: An Introduction to Field Philosophy with Case Studies and Practical Strategies, edited by Robert Frodeman and Evelyn Brister (Routledge, forthcoming)

2019

Publications

“Meanings and mechanisms: An actor-centered approach to historical explanation”, Explanation in Action Theory and Historiography: Causal and Teleological Approaches, edited by Gunnar Schumann (Routledge, 2019)

“Positivism” and “Post-positivism”, SAGE Research Methods Foundations, edited by Paul Atkinson, Sara Delamont, Richard Williams and Alex Cernat (SAGE, 2019)

“Heterogeneity, plasticity, and mechanisms: Comments on Olsen”, Contemporary Philosophy and Social Science: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue, edited by Attilia Ruzzene (Bloomsbury, 2019)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Ontology of Causation,” School of Political Science, University of Milan, February 2019

“Rational Plans of Life,” Ruhr University Bochum, January 2019

“Can Organizations Think?,” Foundations in Social Science – Mechanisms, Actions, Functions, University of Duisburg-Essen, January 2019

“Generativity and Emergence,” Philosophy Institute, University of Duisburg-Essen, January 2019

2018

Publications

“Rational life plans?”, The Mystery of Rationality: Mind, Beliefs and Social Science, edited by Gérald Bronner and Francesco Di Iorio (Springer, 2018)

“Entangling the Social: Comments on Alexander Wendt, Quantum Mind and Social Science”, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour (2018)

“Historians in a world of complexity”, De Filosoof, Utrecht University Department of Philosophy (2018)

Review: Juan Wang, Sinews of State Power in China in Journal of Chinese Political Science (2018)

Review: Kate Merkel-Hess, The Rural Modern: Reconstructing the Self and State in Republican China in The China Journal (2018)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Generativity and Emergence,” School of Political Science, University of Milan, June 2018

2017

Publications

“Disaggregating Historical Explanation: The Move to Social Mechanisms,” Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Mechanisms edited by Phyllis Illari and Stuart Glennan (2017)

“Microfoundations,” The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Lee McIntyre (2017)

“Sociological Perspectives on Social Structure”, Cambridge Handbook of Sociology, edited by Kathleen Odell Korgen, (2017)

“Calibrating the utility of rational choice institutionalism,” Sociologica (2017)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Hate-based mobilization in the extreme right,” Social Science History Association, Montreal, November 2017

“Historical foundations of the social sciences,” American Sociological Association, Montreal, July 2017

Plenary Session on Theory and Explanation After Positivism, Beyond Positivism: Theory, Methods, and Values in Social Science Conference, Montreal, July 2017

“Response to commentators,” book panel on New Contributions to the Philosophy of Social Science, EuropeanNetwork for the Philosophy of Social Science, Krakow, September 2017

2016

Publications

New Directions in the Philosophy of Social Science (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016)

“Guiding and modelling quality improvement in higher education institutions,” Quality in Higher Education (2016)

“Character and historical interpretation,” Questions of Character, edited by Iskra Fileva. Oxford University Press (2016)

“Contribution to Sand and Water,” Sand and Water, edited by Robert Pledge (2016)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Actors and Actions Reconsidered,” Mexican Academy of Sciences, Mexico City, August 2016

“Actors and Actions,” International Sociological Association, Vienna, July 2016

“Social Reform and Radical Change,” Indian National Law School University, Bangalore, April 2016

“Social Ontology and Realism,” Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, April 2016

2015

Publications

“Supervenience and the Social World,” Metodo (2015)

“Fallibilism and Ontology in Tuukka Kaidesoja’s Critical Realist Social Ontology,” Journal of Social Ontology (2015)

“Mechanisms and Method,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences (2015)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Social Ontology: Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Contingency,” Second Biannual Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Group in India, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai (by Skype), December 2015

“Fissioning Community,” Second Biannual Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Group in India, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai (by Skype), December 2015

“Fissioning Community,” Social Science History Association, Baltimore, November 2015

2014

Publications

“Jon Elster and the social sciences,” Claudio Lopez-Guerra and Julia Maskivker, eds. Democracy, Rationality and Justice. Cambridge University Press (2014)

“Actor-Centered Sociology and the New Pragmatism,” Julie Zahle and Finn Collin, eds., Individualism, Holism, Explanation and Emergence. Springer (2014)

“Rawls and Economics,” Jon Mandle and David Reidy, eds., A Companion to Rawls, Wiley and Sons, (2014)

“Nation, region, and globe: Alternative definitions of place in world history,” Journal of Global Studies, (2014)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Critical Realism for Historical Social Science,” Social Science History Association, Toronto, November 2014

“Causal Mechanisms and Social Science Methodology,” European Network for Philosophy of Social Science annual meeting, Madrid, September 2014

“Methodological Innovations in the Eurasian Project in Family and Population,” American Sociological Association, August 2014

“Causal Powers and Social Mechanisms,” Finnish Center for Excellence in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Helsinki University, June 2014

“Meso-level Social Mechanisms,” Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm University, June 2014

2013

Publications

“Disaggregating Historical Explanation: The Move to Social Mechanisms in the Philosophy of History,” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, July 1, 2013. Invited discussion article. (2013)

“Philosophy of History,” Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, Byron Kaldis, ed. (Sage, 2013)

“Microfoundationalism,” Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, Byron Kaldis, ed. (Sage, 2013)

Review: Geoff Boucher, Understanding Marxism in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews (2013)

Review: Hilary Putnam and Vivian Walsh, eds. The End of Value-Free Economics in The Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics (2013)

Conference papers and invited papers

“A Twinge of Ethnocentrism in The Measure of Civilization,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2013

“Rural Transition in China: What Do We Need to Know?”, International Conference on Rural Change and the Peasant, Central China Normal University, May 2013 (published in conference proceedings)

“Social Issues in China’s Rural-to-Urban Transition,” Department of Economics and Management, Central China Normal University, May 2013

“Justice Matters in Economic Development,” Xuchang University, Henan, May 2013

“Character in History,” Character Workshop, Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, May 2013

2012

Publications

“More challenges for social mechanisms,” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, August 6, 2012. Invited discussion article. (2012)

“Analytical Sociology and the Rest of Sociology,” Sociologica (2012)

“Responses to Commentators on Analytical Sociology and the Rest of Sociology,” Sociologica (2012)

“Explanatory Autonomy and Coleman’s Boat,” Theoria (2012)

“Social Mechanisms and Scientific Realism: Discussion of ‘Mechanistic Explanation in Social Contexts’ by Johannes Persson”, Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, February 9, 2012. Invited discussion article. (2012)

“Philosophy of History,” Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy, Duncan Pritchard, ed. New York: Oxford University Press (2012)

Review: Ho-Fung Hung, Protest with Chinese Characteristics in Contemporary Sociology (2012)

Review: Mark Blaug and Peter Lloyd, eds. Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics in Journal of Economic Methodology (2012)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Actor-centered Sociology,” workshop on methodological individualism, University of Copenhagen, November 2012

“New Perspectives on the Philosophy of History,” Department of Philosophy, University of Copenhagen, November 2012

“Beyond Divergence: Debates about China’s Economic History,” Tsinghua University, August 2012

“Social Mechanisms and Meso-level Causes,” plenary paper, British Society for the Philosophy of Science, University of Stirling, July 2012

“Actor-centered Sociology,” Erasmus University, Rotterdam, May 2012

“Causal Mechanisms in the Social Sciences,” Erasmus University, Rotterdam, May 2012

“Disaggregating Historical Explanation: The Move to Social Mechanisms,” Society for the Philosophy of History, American Philosophical Association Pacific Division (April 2012)

2011

Publications

“Causal Mechanisms in the Social Realm,” Causality in the Sciences, Phyllis Illari, Federica Russo, Jon Williamson (eds.) (Oxford University Press, 2011)

“Political Power and Social Class,” SAGE Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science. Jésus Zamora and Ian Jarvie, eds. (2011)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Consolidated Quantitative History,” Social Science History Association, Boston, November, 2011

“Justice Matters in Global Economic Development,” Beijing Forum 2011, Peking University, November, 2011; also presented at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

“Explaining the Social World: Mechanisms, Processes and Agency,” keynote paper, Causality and Explanation in the Sciences conference, University of Ghent, September, 2011

“Pathways of Social Aggregation,” Aggregation Dynamics of multi-Level Actor Constellations conference, University of Bremen, June, 2011

2010

Publications

New Contributions to the Philosophy of History (Springer, Methodos Series, 2010)

The Future of Diversity: Academic Leaders Reflect on American Higher Education (Future of Minority Studies)


, edited by Daniel Little and Satya Mohanty (Palgrave, 2010)

“Methodological Individualism,” Encyclopedia of Political Theory, Mark Bevier, ed. (Sage, 2010)

“Action in History and Social Science,” A Companion to the Philosophy of Action, Constantine Sandis & Tim O’Connor, eds. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)

“Philosophy of Sociology,” Philosophy of the Special Sciences. Fritz Allhoff, ed. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010)

“Institutions, Inequality and Well-being: Distributive Determinants of Rural Development”, Capabilities, Power, and Institutions: Toward a More Critical Development Ethics. Stephen Esquith, ed. (Penn State Press, 2010)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Power and Class in the 21st Century,” invited contribution to 20th anniversary program, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, October, 2010

“New Contributions to the Philosophy of History,” paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, October, 2010

“New Contributions to the Philosophy of History,” workshop, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, October, 2010

“Zomia and Burma: Alternative Approaches to Southeast Asian History,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2010

“’Making’ the Future: The Scope and Limits of Social Change,” keynote presentation, Future of Minority Studies, Cornell University, July 2010

“David Crocker’s Development Ethics,” Association for Practical and Professional Ethics,” Cincinnati, March 2010

“Skinner’s Spatial Imagination,” Association for Asian Studies, Philadelphia, March 2010

2009

Publications

“The Heterogeneous Social,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Philosophical Theory and Scientific Practice. Chrysostomos Mantzavinos, ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2009)

“The Chinese Peasant, 1800-1900,” Encyclopedia of Modern China, Scribners/Gale (2009)

“The Chinese Peasant and the Chinese Revolution,” Encyclopedia of Modern China, Scribners/Gale (2009)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Agency, Identity, and Purposiveness,” Social Science History Association, Long Beach, November 2009

“How High-Quality Regional Public Universities Enhance Opportunity,” Social Science History Association, Long Beach, November 2009

“Philosophy of X: How Philosophy and the Messy Social World Intersect,” Keynote, Conference on Development Ethics, Michigan State University, April 2009

“Thinking Social Ontology,” Philosophy of Social Science Roundtable, Emory University, March 2009

2008

Publications

“Autobiographical Essay,” The Philosophy of the Social Sciences: 5 Questions. Christoph Schmidt-Petri and Diego Rios, eds. (Vince Press, 2008)“Eurasian Comparisons”, Social Science History (2008)

“Development,” “Marxism,” “False Consciousness,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences second edition (Macmillan, 2008)

Conference papers and invited papers

“The Mechanisms of Power: A Conceptual Analysis,” Social Science History Association, Miami, October 2008

“Against the Law: Comments on CK Lee”, Social Science History Association, Miami, October 2008

2007

Publications

“Marxism and Method,” Twentieth-Century Marxism: A Global Introduction, edited by Howard Chados and David Walker (Routledge, 2007)

“Marxism and the Status of Women,” Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, edited by Fedwa Malti-Douglas (Macmillan Reference, 2007)

“Philosophy of History,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2007; revised 2011; revised 2016)

Review: William Sewell, Jr., Logics of History in Journal of Social History (2007)

“Plasticity of the Social,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2007

Conference papers and invited papers

“An Ontology of Change in Kathleen Thelen’s How Institutions Evolve,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2007

“The Heterogeneous Social: New Ontological Foundations for Social Explanation,” Conference on Explanation in the Social Sciences: Philosophical Theory and Scientific Practice, Herdecke, Germany, June 2007

“Agents, Structures, and Social Contingency: New Thinking About the Foundations of the Social Sciences,” Tsinghua-DDM lecture, Tsinghua University, April 2007

“Agents, Structures, and Social Contingency: New Thinking About the Foundations of the Social Sciences,” Northwest University (Xian, China), April 2007

“Epistemological Issues in Economic History,” Peking University School of Economics, April 2007

2006

Publications

“Levels of the Social,” The Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology, edited by Mark Risjord and Stephen Turner (Elsevier Science, 2006)

Conference papers and invited papers

“New Developments in the Chinese Social Sciences,” Conference on Mapping Difference: Structures and Categories of Knowledge Production, Duke University, June 2006

“New Approaches to the Philosophy of History,” Social Science History Association, Minneapolis, November 2006

2005

Publications

“Philosophy of Economics,” The Philosophy of Science: An Encyclopedia (Routledge, 2005)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Equity and Excellence from Three Points of Reference,” Diversity and Excellence in American Higher Education: The Road Ahead, Future of Minority Studies conference, June 2005

“Institutions, Inequality, and Wellbeing: Distributive Determinants of Capabilities Realization,” Conference on Ethics and Development: The Capability Approach in Practice, Michigan State University, April 2005

“Causal Mechanisms in Comparative Sociology,” Social Science History Association, Portland, OR, November 2005

2004

Publications

“Causal Mechanisms,” “Verification,” “Explanation,” “Gini coefficient,” “Inequality measurement,” “Counterfactual,” “Endogenous Variable and Exogenous Variable” in Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods, edited by Michael Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman, and Tim Futing Liao (Sage Publications, 2004)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Kin, Class and Identity: Microfoundations for Social Identities,” School of Criticism & Theory, Cornell University, June 2004

“Eurasian Historical Comparisons,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, October 2004

“Replies, Author meets critics session on The Paradox of Wealth and Poverty,” American Philosophical Association Pacific Division, March 2004

2003

Publications

The Paradox Of Wealth And Poverty: Mapping The Ethical Dilemmas Of Global Development (Westview Press, 2003)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Mentalités, Identities, and Practices,” Social Science History Association, Baltimore, October 2003

2002

Conference papers and invited papers

“Transportation as a Large Historical Factor,” Social Science History Association, St. Louis, October 2002

“Development Ethics: Justice, Well-being, and Poverty in the Developing World,” Center for Ethics and World Societies, Colgate University, February 2002

“Towards a Global Civil Society,” International Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, April, 2003; Consular Corps of Detroit, April, 2002; Keynote address, Association for Muslim Social Scientists, Dearborn, Michigan, October 2001; International Business Forum of Detroit, February, 2002

“Social Kinds and Comparative Research,” Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, 2002

2001

Conference papers and invited papers

“Causation in Meso-History,” Social Science History Association, Chicago, November 2001 (text)

2000

Publications

“Explaining Large-Scale Historical Change,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences (2000)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Historical Concepts, Social Ontology, Macrohistory,” Social Science History Association, Pittsburgh, October, 2000

1999

Publications

Review: Mario Bunge, Finding Philosophy in Social Science in American Journal of Sociology (1999)

Review: M.R. Griffiths and J. R. Lucas, Ethical Economics in Ethics (1999)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Explaining Largescale Historical Change,” Social Science History Association, Fort Worth, November, 1999; Philosophy of Social Science Roundtable, St. Louis, April, 1999

1998

Publications

Microfoundations, Method, and Causation: On the Philosophy of the Social Sciences (Transaction Publishers, 1998)

“Multiple Goals in the Liberal Arts: A Reply to Joseph Wagner,” Interchange (1998)

Review: Robert D. Jenks, Insurgency and Social Disorder in Guizhou: The “Miao” Rebellion, 1854-1873 in American Historical Review (1998)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Equality in International Ethics: Comments on Debra Satz,” American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, December, 1998

1997

Publications

Review: Martin Hollis, Reason in Action: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science in Ethics (1997)

Review: Lawrence B. Mohr, The Causes of Human Behavior: Implications for Theory and Method in the Social Sciences in American Journal of Sociology (1997)

Review: Forrest D. Colburn, The Vogue of Revolution in Poor Countries in Economic Development and Cultural Change (1997)

Review: Martha Nussbaum and Jonathan Glover, eds., Women, Culture and Development: A Study of Human Capabilities in Ethics and the Environment (1997)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Interests and Collectivities: Microfoundations for Collectivities,” SSRC Conference on Sovereignty, Notre Dame, April, 1997

1996

Publications

“Recent Developments in Philosophical Marxism,” Topoi (1996)

Review: Anthony Giddens, Politics, Sociology and Social Theory: Encounters with Classical and Contemporary Social Thought and Barry Barnes, The Elements of Social Theory in American Political Science Review (1996)

Review: Stephen Turner, The Social Theory of Practices: Tradition, Tacit Knowledge, and Presuppositions in Ethics (1996)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Equity and Well-Being in Economic Development,” Society for Philosophy and Public Affairs, American Philosophical Association Pacific Division (Spring 1996)

“Normative Issues in Economic Development Practice,” Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University (Spring 1996)

1995

Publications

On the Reliability of Economic Models: Essays in the Philosophy of Economics, editor and contributor (Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1995)

“Causal Explanation in the Social Sciences,” Southern Journal of Philosophy (Supplement, 1995)

“Is Anthropology a Science?”, Anthropology Newsletter (1995)

“Current Issues in the Epistemology of Economics” in On the Reliability of Economic Models, edited by D. Little (Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1995)

“On the Reliability of CGE Economic Models” in On the Reliability of Economic Models, edited by D. Little (Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1995)

“Philosophy of the Social Sciences,” “Ethnography, Ethnology, and Ethnomethodology” in The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, edited by Robert Audi (Cambridge University Press, 1995)

Review: Odoric Wou, Mobilizing the Masses: Building Revolution in Henan in American Historical Review (1995)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Causal Explanation of Social Phenomena,” Spindel Conference in Philosophy, Memphis, October, 1995

1994

Publications

“Microfoundations of Marxism” in Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Michael Martin and Lee McIntyre (MIT Press, 1994)

Review: Robert M. Netting, Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture in Journal of Asian Studies 53:3 (1994)

Review: D. Wade Hands, Testing, Rationality, and Progress: Essays on the Popperian Tradition in Economic Methodology in Ethics 104:3 (1994)

Review: Sue Rosenberg Zalk and Janice Gordon-Kelter, eds., Revolutions in Knowledge: Feminism in the Social Sciences in Ethics (1994)

Review: Erik Olin Wright, Andrew Levine, and Elliott Sober, Reconstructing Marxism: Essays on Explanation and the Theory of History in The Philosophical Review (1994)

Review: Jean Ensminger, Making a Market: The Institutional Transformation of an African Society in Economic Development and Cultural Change (1994)

Review: Roger S. Gottlieb, Marxism 1844-1990: Origins, Betrayal, Rebirth. In Science and Society (1994)

Review: Scott Gordon, The History and Philosophy of Social Science in Philosophy of the Social Sciences (1994)

Review: Jean Oi, State and Society in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government in Economic Development and Cultural Change 42:3 (1994)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Are There Law-Like Generalizations in Political Science?”, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Fall 1994)

“The Logic of Confirmation in IR Theory,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Spring 1994)

1993

Publications

“Development Traps in Traditional and Modern China” in Culture, Politics, and Economic Growth: Experiences of East Asia, edited by Richard Harvey Brown (Studies in Third World Societies, 1993)

“Evidence and Objectivity in the Social Sciences,” Social Research 60:2 (1993)

“On the Scope and Limits of Generalizations in the Social Sciences,” Synthese 97:2 (1993)

Review: Kathryn Bernhardt, Rents, Taxes, and Peasant Resistance: The Lower Yangzi Region, 1840-1950 in American Historical Review (1993)

Review: Margaret Gilbert, On Social Facts in International Studies in Philosophy (1993)

Review: Keith Graham, Karl Marx Our Contemporary: Social Theory for a Post-Leninist World in Philosophical Books 44:3 (1993)

Review: Jeffrey L. Gould, To Lead As Equals: Rural Protest and Political Consciousness in Chinandega, Nicaragua, 1912-1979 in Economic Development and Cultural Change 41:4 (1993)

Review: James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts in Political Theory (1993)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Causal Reasoning in IR Theory,” Seminar Paper, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Fall 1993)

“Causal Inference in Political Science,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Spring 1993)

“Development Ethics: Normative Issues in Development,” Center for International Studies, Princeton University (Spring 1993)

“Microfoundations in the Human Sciences,” Colloquium Paper, Department of Anthropology, Brandeis University (Spring 1993)

Unpublished hypertext book manuscript: Putting the Poor First

1992

Publications

“Jon Elster” in New Horizons in Economic Thought: Appraisals of Leading Economists, edited by Warren Samuels (Edward Elgar Publishing, 1992)

“New Perspectives on the Chinese Rural Economy,” Republican China (1992)

“Marxist Theory and Soviet Practice: Ernest Gellner’s Appraisal of Contemporary Soviet Ethnography,” review essay on State and Society in Soviet Thought in Philosophy of the Social Sciences 22:2 (1992)

Review: Jorgen Delman, ed., Remaking Peasant China in Economic Development and Cultural Change 40:4 (1992)

Review: Loren Brandt, Commercialization and Agricultural Development: Central and Eastern China, 1870-1937 in Economic Development and Cultural Change 40:2 (1992)

Review: Robert Meister, Political Identity: Thinking Through Marx in Ethics (1992)

“On the Scope and Limits of Generalizations in the Social Sciences,” Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, Boston University (Fall 1992)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Generalization and Prediction in the Social Sciences,” Philosophy Colloquium, Duke University (Fall 1992)

“Food Security and Refugee Populations,” Conference on Refugee Populations, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Fall 1992)

“Interest and Identity: Microfoundations for Asian Studies,” Conference on Theory in Asian Studies, Center for Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Oregon (May 1992)

“Recent Perspectives on the Chinese Rural Economy, 1885-1935,” Association for Asian Studies (April 1992)

“Interest, Class, and Identity: Theoretical Frameworks for Asian Studies,” Association for Asian Studies (April 1992)

“Poverty and Growth: Development Strategies that Favor the Poor,” Agrarian Studies Program Seminar Series, Yale University (1992)

“Generalizations and Explanation in Political Science,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Fall 1992); Colgate University Humanities Colloquium (Fall 1992)

“Causal Mechanisms and Causal Laws,” Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Spring 1992)

1991

Publications

Varieties of Social Explanation (Westview Press, 1991; Persian translation, 1998; Greek translation 2014; Kindle edition, 2012; iBooks edition, 2012)

“Rational-Choice Models and Asian Studies,” Journal of Asian Studies 50 (1991)

Review: Carol Gould, Rethinking Democracy in The Philosophical Review (1991)

Review: Alison Dundes Renteln, International Human Rights: Universalism Versus Relativism in Journal of Asian Studies 50:2 (1991)

Review: Ian Forbes, Marx and the New Individual in Philosophical Books 32:4 (1991)

Review: Stephen A. Resnick and Richard D. Wolff, Knowledge and Class: A Marxian Critique of Political Economy in Science & Society 55:2 (1991)

Review: Janice Stockard, Daughters of the Canton Delta: Marriage Patterns and Economic Strategies in South China, 1930 in Social Science Quarterly (1991)

“Reply to David Faure,” American Historical Review 96:4 (1991)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Rational Choice Models and Social Science Methodology,” Department of Sociology, SUNY-Binghamton (1991)

“Poverty-First Strategies of Development for the Third World,” Conference on Labor Unions in Third-World Economic Development, University of California, San Diego (1991)

“Putting the Poor First: Poverty-first Strategies of Economic Development,” Conference of SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Fellows in International Peace and Security, Budapest (1990)

1990

Publications

Review: Bernard Crick, Socialism in Ethics (1990)

Review: G. A. Cohen, History Labour and Freedom in Political Theory (1990)

“Reply to Kevin Brien,” Review of Radical Political Economics (1990)

Review: Kevin M. Brien, Marx, Reason, and the Art of Freedom in Review of Radical Political Economics (1990)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Feasible Socialism,” panel on “Is There A Socialist Alternative for Eastern Europe?” with Mary Kaldor, Ferenc Miszlivetz, and Daniel Little, Conference of SSRC-MacArthur Foundation Fellows in International Peace and Security, Budapest (1990)

“Development Traps in Traditional and Modern China,” Association for Asian Studies (1990)

“Local Politics and Class Conflict in Peasant China,” Peasant Culture and Consciousness Conference, Bellagio, Italy (1990)

“The Case for Democratic Socialism,” Boston University (1990)

1989

Publications

Understanding Peasant China: Case Studies in the Philosophy of Social Science


(Yale University Press, 1989; revised and expanded Chinese edition, Jiangsu People’s Publication House, 2008)

“Socialist Morality: Towards a Political Philosophy for Democratic Socialism” Social Philosophy & Policy 6 (1989); also in Socialism, edited by Ellen Frankel Paul (Basil Blackwell, 1989)

“Marxism and Popular Politics: The Microfoundations of Class Struggle,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989)

“Testing the Testers: A Reply to Barbara Sands and Ramon Myers’ Critique of G. William Skinner’s Regional Systems Approach to China” (coauthored with Joseph Esherick), Journal of Asian Studies 48 (1989)

Review: Patrick Murray, Marx’s Theory of Scientific Knowledge in Philosophical Books 30 (1989)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Food Security, Rural Development, and International Conflict,” Conference of SSRC- MacArthur Foundation Fellows in International Peace and Security, Morelos, Mexico (1989)

1988

Publications

“Collective Action and the Traditional Village,” Journal of Agricultural Ethics 1 (1988)

Review: Jon Elster, An Introduction to Karl Marx and Karl Marx: A Reader in Ethics 98 (1988)

1987

Publications

“Dialectics and Science in Marx’s Capital,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 17 (1987)

“Stagnation and Surplus in Traditional Chinese Agriculture,” New England Association for Asian Studies (1987)

“Distributive Characteristics of Rural Development Strategies,” Kellogg Food and World Hunger Conference, Colgate University (1987)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Local Politics and Class Conflict: Theories of Peasant Rebellion in 19th-Century China,” New England Historical Association (1987)

“Socialist Exploitation,” American Philosophical Association Pacific Division Program (1987)

“Microfoundations of Marxism,” Southeastern Marxist Scholars Conference, Duke University (1987)

1986

Publications

The Scientific Marx (University of Minnesota Press, 1986)

“The Scientific Standing of Capital,” Review of Radical Political Economics 17 (1986)

“Historical Materialism and Capital,” Topoi 5 (1986)

Review: Andrew Levine, Arguing for Socialism in The Philosophical Review 45 (1986)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Understanding Peasants,” APA Central Division Program (1986)

“Theory versus Data in Skinner’s Macroregions Argument,” Fairbank Center China Seminar Series, Harvard University (1986)

1985

Publications

“Does Marx Have a Theory of Capitalism?”, The Social Science Journal 22 (1985)

Review: James Fishkin, Beyond Subjective Morality in Ethics 96 (1985)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Methodological Individualism and Explanation in Capital,” APA Western Division Program (1985)

“Dialectics and Science in Marx’s Capital,” APA Pacific Division Program (1985)

1984

Publications

“Reflective Equilibrium and Justification,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 22 (1984)

Conference papers and invited papers

“The Scientific Standing of Marx’s Capital,” APA Western Division (1984) (Society for the Philosophical Study of Marxism)

“Does Marx Have a Theory of Capitalism?”, APA Western Division (1984) (Radical Philosophy Association)

1983

Publications

Review: Donald Hodges, The Bureaucratization of Socialism in Canadian Philosophical Reviews 4 (1984)

Review: C. L. Ten, Mill on Liberty in The Philosophical Review 42 (1983)

Review: David Thomas, Naturalism and Social Science in The Philosophical Review 42 (1983)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Historical Materialism and Capital,” Radical Philosophy Association (New York) (1983)

1982

Publications

“Abstraction and Theory: Marx’s Method for Social Science,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 20 (1982)

1981

Publications

“Rationality, Ideology, and Morality in Marx’s Social Theory,” Social Praxis 8 (1981)

“Countervailing Tendencies and Falsifiability in Capital,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 42 (1981)

Conference papers and invited papers

“Justification in Rawls’s Theory of Justice,” Creighton Club (New York State Philosophical Society) (1981)

1979

Publications

Review: Cecil L. Eubanks, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: An Analytical Bibliography in Clio 9:1 (1979)

1978

Publications

Review: Alex Callinicos, Althusser’s Marxism in Clio 7:2 (1978)

Review: Carl Boggs, Gramsci’s Marxism in Clio 7:2 (1978)

1977

Publications

Marx’s Capital: A Study in the Philosophy of Social Science. Ph.D. dissertation, department of philosophy, Harvard University (supervisors: John Rawls, Israel Scheffler)

Introduction to Ph.D. dissertation Marx’s Capital: A Study in the Philosophy of Social Science

Book Reviews

Understanding Society ¡ Page

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Abdii Mohammed Umar Miliiquuf yaaliin godhe hin miilkoofne. By Ibsa Oromo

Namoonni Prezdaantii Naannoo Somaalee duraanii mana hidhaatii humnaan baasuuf yaalan too’annaa jala ooluu gabaafame

Odeeyfannoo http://www.Oromiablog.com
August 7, 2019

Namoonni Prezdaantii naannoo Somaalee duraanii Obbo Abdii Illee humnaan mana hidhaatii baasuuf yaalan to’aannaa jala ooluu gaazexaan Reporter gabaase. Wixata dabre Adoolessa 29/2011 Obbo Abdiin beellamaaf mana murtiitti dhiyaatee kan ture yoo tahu, guyyama kana namoonni meeshaa waraanaa hidhatan Obbo Abdii miliqsuuf mana hidhaa fuul duratti qophaayanii eegaa osoo jiran kan qabaman tahuu ibsame.

Akka gabaasa kanaatti, namoonni Konkolaataa naannawa mana hidhaa dhaabanii turan, akka kaasan yeroo gaafatamanitti diduun Poolisa irratti dhuukaasa bananiin namni tokko kan madaaye yoo tahu, dubartii takka dabalatee shakkamtoonni gocha kana raawwatan heddu battalumatti kan qabaman tahuu odeeyfannoon ni addeessa.

Poolisiin qorannoo shakkamtoota irratti geggeessen namoonni yakka kana qindeessan, naannawa mana hidhaa kanatti mana kireeffatanii akka turanii fi meeshaaleen waraanaa heddu mana kana keessatti kan qabaman tahuu gabaasni Reporter ni mul’isa.

Itti gaafatamaan mana hidhaa Qaallittii obbo Takluu Lataa dhimma kana gaafatamee deebisaa kenneen, guyyaa jedhame kana namni mana hidhaatii miliqee ture tokko dhukaasa baneen poolisiin takka madaayuu ibsuun, dhimmichi Obbo Abdii waliin wal hin qabatu jechuu isaa repportera AP’tti hime.

#Abdii_illee

Ulcer Treatment

By Ibsa Oromo

ULCER TREATMENT

Get raw pawpaw and wash it. It must be raw, not ripe

Do not peel it and do not remove the seeds.

After washing the outside neatly, slice it without peeling it into small small pieces. The cutting should be small like sugar cubes.

Put all the small pieces of the raw pawpaw into any clean container.

Fill the container with water to stop at the same point the sliced pawpaw stopped.

Leave the pawpaw in the water for four days. For example if u soak it on a Monday, count Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday will be the fourth day.

On the Fourth day, the water will be looking white in colour. Seive it and throw away the pawpaw and the water becomes your cure for ulcer.

DOSAGE: drink half a glass of the pawpaw water every morning, afternoon and evening. You will no longer feel those ulcer pains because it will heal the wounds inside that are causing the pain.

This morning, afternoon and evening drinking of the pawpaw water can continue for weeks and months depending on how severe the ulcer is. It is not relief. It is a cure.

Additional note: an ulcer is an internal wound usually in the stomach or intestines.
Common causes of ulcer are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of aspirin and certain other painkillers, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, Anaprox, others). Stress and spicy foods do not cause peptic ulcers. However, they can make your symptoms worse.

Pls avoid taking strong pain killers without prescription. If you take time to read the side effects you will see that the drugs for pain relief cause ulcer or wounds in the body.

This treatment mentioned is not a reason not to go to hospital, because not all internal pains are ulcers.

Alcohol Addiction By Ibsa Oromo

http://Https://t.me/dabbaalpressAfter Gay Alcorn wrote about giving up alcohol for a month readers responded with their own tales of struggle, indulgence and enjoyment

This week Gay Alcorn wrote about giving up alcohol for a month and howshe was not prepared for the impact it had. She wrote:

I drank to pretend that my life was more interesting than it was, to escape from everyday problems, and because I enjoyed it. Or maybe thats self-justifying crap. Maybe its just that alcohol is an addictive substance like all of those illicit drugs we demonise and, over the years, I had become addicted.

The piece had an extraordinary response with hundreds of thousands of people reading. Below is an edited selection of readers comments:

The line between an alcoholic and normal drinker is blurred

Good for you. As someone who did have a drink problem, I personally think the line between an alcoholic and a normal drinker is blurred. Millions of these supposed normal drinkers are addicted to alcohol a foul-tasting drug that makes you behave badly and feel wretched. Dont drink again and dont feel like youre giving anything up: youre not.

The decision proved quite easy

When I came to work in the Middle East six years ago, I took a conscious decision that living in a country where alcohol was illegal and trying to hold down a pretty challenging job would mean my avoiding booze completely. Once taken, the decision proved quite easy it was as simple as changing gears. I was quite surprised, however, to find that the chief effect was not physical as much as it was mental the depression and violent outbursts which had haunted me for decades gradually ebbed away. It took a while to realise that alcohol had been the equivalent of the Old Man of the Sea for most of my adult life.

I dont need alcohol to unwind

Best wishes, Gay. I stopped drinking two and a half years ago and with the benefit of distance, I can now say these things are true:
1. Alcohol made me feel good only in that it satisfied the craving for alcohol. Now the craving is gone (give it three months) I dont need alcohol to unwind. In fact, Im much less wound.
2. Everything is better without alcohol, and I really do mean everything.

By the way, the most I drank in a session was three drinks. Mainly it was one or two. And I drank four to five times a week. So pretty normal by most standards. And I was addicted. I can see that now.

I didnt have an addiction, just a habit

Like the writer, my one or two glasses of wine with the evening meal crept up to three or four and some days I drank half a bottle or even whole bottle of wine. For about a year I had a background worry that I was addicted. Then I decided I needed to lose weight, and to be successful this time, I would stop drinking alcohol completely. So one day I just stopped. And for three months drank no alcohol apart from one night at a dinner party. Pleased to discover it was easy, I felt a lot better, and I was more productive and positive. And I was also happy to discover that I did not have an addiction, it had just been a habit. I just had a three week holiday where I had one or two beers most days. Now I am back at work and alcohol-free again. Highly recommend it. May not be quite so easy if you do have an addiction issue, which I did not seem to have.

I just drank too much

I am not joking, I never had a drink problem, I just drank too much. I drink all the time, now it is alcohol free beer. I never keep count. What jolted me into my senses was the day I drank four bottles of red and was still functional. I realised how much I was drinking and just gave up. I have never missed it. I had one drink out of curiosity, it was a non event. Hence I am not sure the addictive aspect is universal, I was definitely addicted to smoking.

I drank every night

Gave up proper drinking two years ago. I had slowly developed a bad habit of drinking every night, sometimes half a bottle, sometimes a whole bottle. I thought feeling vaguely shit until lunchtime was normal. The first thing I noticed a few weeks in is how happy I felt all the time. Just content and relaxed. I realised this was my old normal, it was like going back to being a child. Its changed my life immeasurably for the better, Ive gotten right into exercise and my fitness levels are fantastic for my age. I found after about eight months I can have the occasional drink at weddings etc with no problem, it doesnt trigger me wanting to continue. I know this is not the case for everyone.

I cant do it

I have been trying to stop bingeing on booze for 30 years. Cant do it. I stay sober for a month no worries feel great. Then for any reason or no reason I get totally tanked for three days until Im so ill sometimes I end up in hospital. At 14 I started on Muscat Marsala and Milk. euw! I could easily blend in to Russia because vodka is awesome. My guilt hits me when I play guitar and sing in Church. I am a hypocrite.

I have a very solitary life

Im a rural Irish single person who hasnt had a drink for about fifteen years, and I must admit that its led to me having a very solitary life, but Im almost never in trouble, and I used to always be. Well worth it.

Ive replaced alcohol with super fizzy water

A drink, even just one drink, gave me a burst of instant ambition, followed by a rather anticlimactic 9pm procrastination slump once the kids were in bed, consisting of watching dumb YouTube clips about how evil Trump is, or some dissatisfying Netflix crap, until I couldnt keep my eyes open and crawled into bed at 12.30.
Now I understand that what I craved was actually the mouth feel, more than the alcohol. Ive replaced alcohol with super fizzy water and everything is better. In fact since then Ive not only been offered an amazing new job but Ive also learned the first couple of pages of Brahms Intermezzo opus 118 number 2 in A major (which you should all go and listen to Glenn Gould playing on YouTube because it is life alteringly beautiful).

Booze-free was joyless

I used to have a booze-free month every year. I stopped doing it because I had to accept that those months were invariably the most joyless, miserable, depressing, empty months of the year. I am not joking, but I realise this experience does not sit well with this newspapers tireless and tedious crusade against alcohol.

I want every inch of my life

Ive avoided alcohol all my life. Meaning, I might have one glass of wine, or half a pint of beer, two or three times a year, in a particular situation. But thats it. The reason? Im mean on giving away bits of my life, my energy, my alertness, my being present, as this writer puts it, being fully aware.

The way she describes here hangovers to me, that reads like feeling a bit ill. Feeling a bit ill every day. Feeling a bit low, a bit slow, a bit headachy, a bit foggy. Every bloody day. Like feeling youre about to come down with a cold every day.

To me, its like giving up bits of your life, your consciousness, your aliveness, your alertness. If I didnt feel I had an interesting life, with things to do, then I suppose it would matter less if I wasted some of it semi-aware, through drink. But I do have an interesting life, in all sorts of ways, so many things in which to take interest and pleasure. Were I to be drunk, or even tipsy, or even hungover, I could absolutely not be fully engaged in the moment, take real pleasure, be absorbed, experience things properly. I need all my faculties, all my senses, all my emotional alertness, to really experience being alive.

Well, thats me, whether that sounds wanky or not. I want every second. I want every inch of my life, all that I can have, fully known, fully experienced, none of it chucked away.

Ive overdone grog for adventure

That middle class drinking wine at home every night is completely pointless and utterly dull.

Ive overdone the grog for the most part but its been largely the adventure of frothies in pubs, meeting people, women, the odd argument. But it served a purpose, I couldnt ever imagine just quaffing wine at home as some daily ritual.

Original Article : HERE ; The Ultimate Survival Food: The Lost Ways

STOP BLAMING OTHER VIa www.Oromiablog.com

By Ibsa Oromo

Stop Blaming Others

Sometimes the basics need a refresher. One common theme that still persists in our society is the blaming of others for our actions. We have a tendency to find fault in someone else before we stand guilty ourselves. Blaming each other contributes to the anger and violencecirculating amongst us.

Rather than blaming others, we need to admit to our faults and correct them. This will help us remain honest, grow as individuals and build character. And even if someone else is to blame, it is unnecessary to point the fingers at them; life has a way of delivering justice.

It is human nature to be selfish and self-protective; not a lot of people demonstrate altruistic behavior like an ant colony working for the queen. Most people want to be the queen and have others do the favors and hard work; and if not done, blaming becomes the automatic defense mechanism.

One can argue that another problem with our mental health in America is that we are not honest with ourselves and are quick to blame others. If we are feeling depressed, there must be someone else at fault that is causing us to feel this way. If we are feelinganxious, it is because someone else’s behavior is making us uneasy.

Finding excuses rather than making improvements is why mental illness remains a serious problem and concern in our society. We are fueled by differences in culture and beliefs which sometimes lead to hate in regards to another individual’s race, ethnicity or background.

And hate leads to another Sandy Hook, Las Vegas or El Paso shooting. We look and hope to find problems which are external to ourselves, when in reality, most of the problems stem from our lack of accepting responsibility or practicing self-improvement.

Rather than blaming others, look into your own eyes and make the necessary changes that will turn you into a better person!

Are you Ready? (This is Defeating Stigma Mindfully)

Learn to Let Go of Vicious People Who Hurt you in Your life… by Ibsa Oromo

🥀🍂🍁🥀🍂🍁🥀🍂🍁🥀🍂🍁🥀

Learn to Let Go of Vicious People Who Hurt you in Your life…

We’ve all been hurt one way or the other. I get it. But what you do with the pain is probably more important than the hurt itself. Would you prefer to get back of actively living your life? Or do you prefer to ruminate endlessly about the past & something that cannot be changed?

Somebody did something wrong to us in some way that mattered to us, we want them to apologize. We want them to acknowledge what they did was wrong, but they don’t.

The problem with this scenario is that it can often leave you powerless. For example, you confront the person (your boss, your spouse, your parent, your child), and they say, “No, I didn’t,” or worse, “So what if I did?”, then you’re left with all this anger and hurt and no resolution.

All your feelings are legitimate. It’s important to feel them fully, and then move on. Nursing your grievances indefinitely is a bad habit, bc it hurts you more than it hurts them.

1. Make the decision to let it go.
Things don’t disappear on their own. You need to make the commitment to “let it go.” If you don’t make this conscious choice up-front, you could end up self-sabotaging any effort to move on from this past hurt by accepting it.

2. Express your pain — and your responsibility.
Express the pain the hurt made you feel, whether it’s directly to the other person, or through just getting it out of your system (like venting to a friend, or writing in a journal, or writing a letter you never send to the other person). Get it all out of your system at once. Doing so will also help you understand what — specifically — your hurt is about.
We don’t live in a world of black & whites. While you may not have had the same amount of fault creating the hurt you experienced, there may have been a small part of the hurt that you are also partially responsible for. What could you have done differently next time? Are you an active participant in your own life, or simply a hopeless victim? Will you let your pain become your identity? Or are you someone deeper and more complex than that?

3. Stop being the victim and blaming others.
Being the victim feels good — it’s like being on the winning team against the world. But guess what? The world largely doesn’t care, so you need to get over yourself. Yes, you’re special. Yes, your feelings matter. But Your feelings are just one part of this large thing we call life, which is all interwoven and complex. And messy.
In every moment, you have that choice — to continue to feel bad about another person’s actions, or to start feeling good. You need to take responsibility for your own happiness, and not put such power into the hands of another person. Why would you let the person who hurt you — in the past — have such power, right here, right now?
No amount of rumination of analyses have ever fixed a relationship problem. Never. Not in the entirety of the world’s history. So why choose to engage in so much thought and devote so much energy to a person who you feel has wronged you and worthless?

4. Focus on the present — the here and now —and joy.

Now it’s time to let go. Let go of the past, and stop reliving it. Stop telling yourself that story where the protagonist — you — is forever the victim of this other person’s horrible actions. When the past memories creep into your consciousness, acknowledge them for a moment and then bring yourself gently back into the present.

5. Forgive them — and yourself.
We may not have to forget another person’s bad behaviors, but forgive them. Sometimes we can’t even imagine forgiveness. But forgiveness isn’t “I agree with what you did”. It is “You hurt me but I chose to forgive you to get on w my life.”
Forgiveness isn’t a sign of weakness. But nobody’s life should be defined by their pain. It’s not healthy, it hurts our ability to focus, study and work, and it impacts every relationship we have. Every day you choose to live or to regret. I always chose to live.

@e_britannica ❤️

Waalaloo

Gurree bifa nuugii,
Cileekoo kasalee
Gurrikoo hin dhaga’u,
Sagaleekee malee!
Yaa’aa jechootakee,
Natti dhangalaasii
Yakkama jaalalaa,
Bilisa na baasii!

Konkonni funyaankee,
Fuullee kan koo dhufti
Ta’aafi irraa gadeen,
Deemsi kan kee cufti!
Sochiin qaama keetii,
Qaroo koorraa iyyaa
Atoo naaf hin beektuu,
Gadhiisuuree biyya!

Rifeensikee jigee,
Guntutis dhaabbataa
Kolfi ilkaan keetii,
Jaamaayyuu hawwataa!

Asin jira jedhi,
Nan dhokatin adaraa
Halkan hirribakoo,
Abjuu yeroo maraa!

😍😍😍
Š Qananii Gammachuutiin…
Gumaacha keef galatoomi!

By Dr. Gurmeessaa DUBARTOOTAAF #ReproductiveHealth Walqunnaamtii Saalaatti Gammaduu Dadhabuu Dubartootaa (jechuun warra gaa’ela qabaniif) (Female Orgasm Dysfunction)

#ReproductiveHealth
Walqunnaamtii Saalaatti Gammaduu Dadhabuu Dubartootaa (jechuun warra gaa’ela qabaniif) (Female Orgasm Dysfunction)
*********************************************
Dubartiin tokko rakkoo armaan olii kana qabdi jechuudhaaf:
Walqunnaamtii saalaa abbaa manaa ishee waliin raawwattutti gammachuu kan hin qabnee fi fedhii saala abbaa manaa ishee guutuuf qofa kan raawwattu yoo ta’edha.
Rakkoowwan kana kan fidan keessaa muraasni:
1. Rakkoo xiin-sammuu (psychiatric or psycosocial) dudartiin sun qabdu kan akka raakkoo muuddama (stress) humnaa’olii yeroo hedduu itti mullatu, ofitti amanamummaa dhabuu fi kkf kan yaala addaa barbaadu.
2. Rakkoo waliin haasaa ykn walii galtee dhabuu abbaa manaa fi haadha manaa waliinii (Heeruma fedhii malee, fi kkf)
3. Dhiibbaa ykn rakkoo walqunnaamtii saalaan walqabatee yeroo ijoollummaa irratti raawwatame, kan akka dirqisiisanii gudeeduu fi kkf.
4. Dhukkuboota adda addaa kan waan kana fiduu danda’an qabaachuu fakkeenyaaf dhukkuba sukkaaraa….
5. Yaalii garagaraa kan baqaqsanii yaaluu kan dhukkuba biraaf godhame kan akka gadameessa muranii baasuu (hysterectomy).
6. Kan rakkoo biraa tokko hin qabne garuu rakkoo walqunnaamtii saalaatti gammaduu dadhabuu qofa qaban.
**** FURMAATA****
Rakkoon kun qorannoon biyya USA keessatti hojjetame tokko akka jedhutti dubartoota 21% kan hubu yoo ta’u rakkoo salphaa osoo hin taane kan yaala barbaadudha. Kanneen armaa gadii akka furmaataatti kan taa’anidha.
1. Waldhabiinsa, miidhama duraanii, muddama jireenyaa fi kkf namootni waan kana furuudhaaf leenji’an (psychotherapist) waan jiraniif deemanii yaala ga’aa argachuu.
2. Mana yaalaa deemanii dhukkuboota rakkoo kana fidan irraa yaalamuu.
3. Yeroo walqunnaamtii saalaa raawwatan guutummaa guutuutti yaada ofii walqunnaamtii saalaa irra gochuu fi sosochii garaa garaa gochuu.
4. Kana hundaan illee yoo furmaanni jiraachuu baate qorichoota anti depressant jedhaman ogeessa fayyaa sammuu (Psychiatrist) irraa ajajchiifachuun illee ni dandaa’ama.
*Fayyaan Faaya*
Horaa bulaa deebanaa

GUYYOOTA KURNAN JI’A ZULHIJJAA

GUYYOOTA KURNAN JI’A ZULHIJJAA

Kabajamtoota Hordoftoota Chaanala @AL~FIRDAWS_Dawa_Group Sadaarkaa guyyoota kurnan Zulhijjaa kan JUM’AA dhuftu jalqabu ilaalchisee barreeffama qophaaye kana erga dubbiftanii booda namoota heddu akka dhaqqabuu fi akka irraa fayyadamaniif SHARE SHARE waliif godhaa. Jazakumullahu kheyran!

Rabbiin wan barbaadeen kakata; wanti Rabbiin kakateen immoo wanti sun wan guddaa ykn jabaa tahu agarsiisa.

Rabbiin Qur’aana isaatiin akkas jedha
“Bariin Kakadhe. Halkan kurnaniinis kakadhe” (Suuraa Fajr 1-2)
Halkaan Rabbiin Qur’aana isaa keessatti ittiin kakate kun guyyoota kurnan ji’a Zulhijjaa tahuu mufassiroonni Qur’aana ni ibsu.

Guyyoonni kurnan jalqaba ji’a Zulhijjaa guyyoota Rabbiin biratti akkaan jaalataman keessaa tokko. Hadiisa Ibni Abbaas irraa odeeyfameen Ergamaan Rabbii (SAW) akki jedhan; ” Ibaadaan gaggaariin hojjataman kamiyuu, kan akka guyyoota kurnan kana(zulhijjaa) keessatti hojjataman caalaa Rabbiin biratti jaalatamu hin jiru” jedhan; Karaa Rabbii irratti du’uun hoo jechuun gaaffataman? “Eeyyee sunis taanaan yoo namticha karaa Rabbii irratti lubbuu fi qabeenya isaa hunda kennee kan wan takkaan hin deebi’iin yoo tahe malee” jedhan Ergaman Rabbii(SAW).

Guyyoonni Kurnan jalqaba Zulhijjaa irratti argaman kunniin, guyyoota ibaadaan gaggaariin ilmi namaa hojjatu hundi Rabbiin biratti kanniin yeroo biroo hojjatu caalaa jaalatamoo tahuu hubatuun, nutis hanga dandeenyeen guyyoota kana keessatti jabaatuu qabna.
Ibaadaawwan gaggaarii guyyoota kurnaan kana keessatti hojjataman keessaa:

1. HAJJII FI UMRAA
Umraan sharxii guutuun godhame hanga umraan itti aanu dhufutti dilii xixiqqoo namarraa haqxi;akkanumas Hajjiin Seera guutuun godhamte ammoo gatiin isii jannata. (Bukhari fi Muslim)

2. SOOMANUU
Guyyoota 9 jalqaba Ji’a Zulhijjaa irratti argaman kana Soomanaan dabarsuun Sunnaa akkan jaalatamaati; Ergamaan Rabbii(SAW) hojiiwwan gaggaarii guyyoota kana keessatti akka hoojjatamaniif itti kakaasaa turan jidduu tokko guyyoota 9’n duraa soomanuudha.

3. ZIKRII HEDDUMEESSUU

Ergamaan Rabbii (SAW) akka jedhan
” Guyyaan dalagaan kheyirii hojjatamu hundi Rabbiin biraatti akka Ibaadaa guyyaa kurnan Zulhijjaa kana keessatti hojjatamutti jaalatamu hin jiru, kanaaf guyyaa kanniin keessatti Rabbiin tokkochoomsuu ( Laa Ilaaha Illa ALLAH) jechuu ,Takbiira (ALLAHU AKBAR) fi Rabbiif galata galchuu (Alhamdulilaah) jechuun Zikrii hedduumeessa jedhan (Sahiih Ahmad).

Guyyaa kurnan kana keessatti Ibn Umar fi Abbaa Hureeyraan( Rabbiin isaan irraa haa jaalatuu) naannawa gabayaa keessa deemuun,Sagalee olfuudhuun Takbiira jedhuu turan; ummannis hogguu isaan dhagahutti waliin Takbiira jedhu ( Bukhari gabaase)

4. HALKAN KA’ANII DHAABBATUU

Halkan guyyoota kurnan kanaa keessatti halkan ka’uun gama Rabbii deebi’uun ibaadaa dalaguu. ALLAAH
(SW) Halkan gara xumuraa keessaatti gabroota isaatiin “Eenyutu gama khejeelaa hajaa isaa guutaaf; eenyutu fedhii isaa nagaafatee, deebisaafi? Eenyuutu araarama narra barbaadee kan isaa araaramuuf?” jechuun yaama.(Bukharrii fi Muslim)

5, ARAARAMA YOOKAAN (TAWUBAA )KADHACHUU

Rabbiin (SW) gabrootni isaa erga Dilii keessatti kufanii booda, badii isaanii hubatanii nadaamayuudhaan, tawubaa onnee irraa taateen, yoo kan rabbi isaanii araarama kan gaafatan taate Rabbiin isaanii dhiisa.

6. QUR’AANA QARA’UU
Qur’aana qara’uu fi dhaamsa isaa hubachuuf yaaluun, akkanumas erga hubatanii booda itti dalaguun qalbiin namaa akka tasgabbooftu taasisa. Duniyaa fi Akhirattis sababa hofkhaltiiti. Kanaafuu guyyootni kurnan zulhijjaa kun Qur’aanaa qara’uu akka aadaa godhannuu hedduu nugargaara.

7. SADAQAA KENNATUU FI DALAGAA KHEEYIRII HEDDUMEESSUU

Walumaa galatti guyyoonni kurnan zulhijjaa kun yeroo kheeyriin keessatti hojjatamtu hundinu rabbi biratti akkaan jaalatamtu ta’uu hubachuudhaan, maatii keenyaa fi namoota muslimmaa hunda irratti jajjabeessuu qabna.
@Obsaamohammed
@Amala_Gaarii
@DrZakirNaikAfaanOromoo

Vacancy Announcements

Job Description: Purpose of the Position The Midwife, working under the supervision of the branch Meki Kidanmehert Pediatric Catholic Clinic Medical Director, is responsible for the examining and monitoring pregnant women and assenting deliveries. He/she will ensure that the protocols used are performed according to Oromia health bureau. Key /Specific Duties and Responsibilities Assessing care requirements and writing care plans. Undertaking antenatal care in hospitals, homes and GP practices. Carrying out screening tests. Monitoring and administering medication, injections and intravenous infusions during labor. Advising about and supporting parents in the daily care of their new-born babies. Required No Two Term of Employment One-year contract with possibilities of extension Job Requirements: Minimum Qualification Requirements Education Midwife Degree or related Experience At least two-year experience Competencies /Knowledge, Ability and Skill: Strong communicator with good presentation, written and organizational skills Computer skills, Fluency in English, Amharic and afaan Oromoo knowledge’s required. How To Apply: Applicants should submit their CV and other necessary documents to ECC-SDCOM, Meki town, HR Meki Kidanmehert Pediatric Catholic Clinic. Posted: 07.19.2019 Deadline: 08.01.2019 Job Category: Health Care Employment: Location: Meki, Oromia Ethiopian Catholic Church Social Development Coordinating office of Meki (ECC-SDCOM)

Computers Shortcuts

The list of a few combinations
Learn more about the computer.
Ctrl + a – select everything
Ctrl + B – Bold
Ctrl + c – copy
Ctrl + d – fill
Ctrl + f – find
Ctrl + G – Gras
Ctrl + h – replace
Ctrl + I – Italique
Ctrl + k – insert hypertext link
Ctrl + n – new file cabinet
Ctrl + o – open
Ctrl + P – Print
Ctrl + r – nothing on the right
Ctrl + s – save
Ctrl + u – highlighted
Ctrl + V – Coller
Ctrl w – close
Ctrl + X – Coupe
Ctrl + y – repeat
Ctrl + z – cancel
F1 – Aide
F2 – Edition
F3 – Paste the name
F4 – repeat the last action
F4 – when entering a formula, switch between absolute / relative references
F5 – Goto
F6 – Next Pane
F7 – spell check
F8 – Extension of the mode
F9 – Recalculate all file cabinets
F10 – Activate Menubar
F11 – new graphic
F12 – save as
Ctrl-insert current time
Ctrl +; – insert current date
Ctrl “- copy the value of the cell above
Ctrl + ‘-copy the formula from the cell above
Update – lag adjustment for additional functions in excel menu
Shift + F1 – what is it?
Shift + F2 – edit cell comment
Shift + F3 – Paste the function in the formula
Shift + F4 – search next
Shift + F5 – Find
Update + f6 – previous panel
Shift + f8 – add to the selection
Shift + F9 – calculate the active working sheet
Shift + f10 – context menu view
Shift + f11 – new calculation sheet
Shift + f12 – save
Ctrl + F3 – Set the name
Ctrl + f4 – close
Ctrl + F5 – XL, restoration window size
Ctrl + F6 – window of the next cabinet
Update + F6 + f6 – previous window of the cabinet
Ctrl + f7 – move the window
Ctrl + f8 – resizing window
Ctrl + f9 – minimize the cabinet
Ctrl + f10 – window maximize or restore
Ctrl + F11 – Inset 4.0 Macro Sheet
Ctrl + f1 – open file
Alt + F1 – Insert Graphic
Alt + F2 – save as
Alt + F4 – Sortie
Alt + f8 – macro dialogue box
Alt + F11 – Visual Basic Editor
Ctrl + shift + F3 – create a name using line and column labels names
Ctrl + shift + f6 – previous window
Ctrl + Maj + F12 – Impression
Alt + update + f1 – new calculation sheet
Alt + update + F2 – save
Old + = – autosum
Ctrl + ‘-change value / display of the formula
Ctrl + shift + a – insert the name of arguments in the formula
Alt + Arrow down – automatic display list
Alt + ‘ – format style dialogue box
Ctrl + Shift + ~ – Format gĂŠnĂŠral
Ctrl + Shift +! – Format Comma
Ctrl + shift + @ – time format
Ctrl + shift + # – date format
Ctrl + shift + $ – currency format
Ctrl + shift +% – percentage format
Ctrl + shift + ^ – exponential format
Ctrl + shift + & – place the contour edge around selected cells
Ctrl + update + _ – Remove Contour Edge
Ctrl + shift + * – Select the current region
Ctrl-insert
Ctrl + – – delete
Ctrl + 1-cell dialogue box format
Ctrl + 2 – Bold
Ctrl + 3-Italic
Ctrl + 4-highlighted
Ctrl + 5 – Strikethrough
Ctrl + 6-show / hide objects
Ctrl + 7-show / hide standard tool bar
Ctrl + 8 – Toggle Outline symbols
Ctrl + 9-hide lines
Ctrl + 0-hide the columns
Shift + shift + (-show lines
Shift + shift +) – Show columns
Alt or f10 – activate the menu
Ctrl + tab – in the tool bar: next tool bar
Shift + CTRL + tab – in the tool bar: previous tool bar
Ctrl + tab – in a cabinet: activate the next cabinet
Shift + CTRL + tab – in a cabinet: activate the previous cabinet
Tab – next tool
Shift + tab – previous tool
Come in – make the order
Shift + CTRL + F – Fonts Drop-down list
Shift + Ctrl + F + F – Onglet Police de Format Cell Dialog box
Update + CTRL + p – point size drop-down list.
Centre manguay the reference of the centers

Baankii Hijiraa

Baankiin Hijiraa dhala irraa bilisaa akisiyoona isaa gurguruu eegaluu beeksise⤵️

Hundeeffama irra kan jiru Baankiin Waldaa Aksiyoona Hijiiraa guyyaa boruu jechuun Adoolessa 18, 2011 irraa kaasee Baankilee adda addaa 9 keessatti aksiyoona isaa gurguruu akka jalqabu ibsa kenneen baankichi beeksiseera. Gatiin aksiyoona baankichaa xiqqaan Birrii kuma 30 yoo ta’u, inni guddaan immoo Birrii miiliyoona 20 ta’uus ibsameera. Baankichis kaayyoon inni hundeeffameef tajaajila liqii dhala irraa bilisaa kennuuf ta’uu ibsameera.
@Oromiablog.con

Image copyright Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe
Image caption Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe has been detained in Iran since April 2016

Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, the British-Iranian woman jailed in Iran for alleged spying, was kept in solitary confinement and chained to a bed in a psychiatric ward in Tehran, her husband has said.

Richard Ratcliffe said his wife was returned to prison after being discharged from hospital on Saturday.

He says she described her treatment on the ward as “proper torture”.

Last month she went on hunger strike for 15 days to protest her detention.

It comes amid escalating tensions between the UK and Iran over the seizure of oil tankers.

In a press release, the Free Nazanin Campaign said Mrs Zaghari-Ratcliffe, 40, told her husband she was “broken” by the experience.

‘Proper torture’

Speaking to him on the phone on Sunday and Monday, he said she told him: “They did all they could to me – handcuffs, ankle cuffs, in a private room two by three metres, with thick curtains, and the door closed all the time.

“I wasn’t allowed to leave the room, as I was chained to the bed. It was proper torture. It was tough, and I was struggling.”

He said she continued: “I never thought I would end up there. I always found myself strong, and then finding myself there – it was really traumatising.

“There was no justification for it. I am cross at them. I am not scared. The amount of scars I got. I have been put through hell.”

She was transferred back to Evin prison after breaking out of her bindings and telling security guards she was at risk of self-harming if she had to stay in the hospital, Mr Ratcliffe said.

Speaking before her return to jail, he said he felt “euphoric” when he heard his wife had been moved to a hospital, thinking it could be a prelude to having treatment or even to her release.

However, after her father was refused access to visit her in hospital or allowed to speak to her on the phone, the family grew increasingly concerned.

Her admission to the mental health unit came after she went on hunger strike for 15 days last month in protest against her “unfair imprisonment”.

Mr Ratcliffe joined her protest, camping on the pavement outside the Iranian Embassy in London and not eating.

Image caption Richard Ratcliffe went on hunger strike outside the Iranian embassy in London

In November 2017, then Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson faced criticism for suggesting Mrs Zaghari-Ratcliffe was training journalists while in Iran – remarks he later apologised for and clarified, saying he had no doubt she was on holiday there.

Former Foreign Office minister Sir Alan Duncan, who resigned on Monday over the prospect of Boris Johnson as prime minister, said in his resignation letter he was “deeply upset” that discussions about her possible release had come to “an abrupt halt” during his time in government.

Earlier this year, Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt granted her diplomatic protection in a bid to resolve her case.

Labour MP Tulip Siddiq, who is Mrs Zaghari-Ratcliffe’s MP, last weekquestioned whether the detention of the Iranian Grace 1 oil tanker by Royal Marines was linked to the developments in her case.

In response, Foreign Office minister Andrew Murrison said: “I don’t believe the two are directly linked.”

Mrs Zaghari-Ratcliffe was arrested at Tehran’s Imam Khomeini Airport in April 2016 and has always said the visit was to introduce her daughter to her relatives.

Original Article : HERE ; The Ultimate Survival Food: The Lost Ways